The transformation pace from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles
Since 2005, various countries have successively announced policies to ban the sale of f internal combustion engine vehicles, hoping to achieve the goals of improving air pollution and slowing down global warming. For example: for EU [1]: On February 14, 2023, the European Parliament passed a bill requiring a ban on the sale of new gasoline and diesel cars in the EU from 2035 at the latest. For US [2]: The California authorities voted to ban the sale of fuel vehicles from 2035, and 16 other states plan to follow suit. The above cases have directly or indirectly accelerated the transformation of internal combustion engine vehicles into electric vehicles.
Compared with fuel vehicles, electric vehicles and their peripheral equipment have new systems
Mainly, the following systems will be added (as shown in Fig. 1). If these systems are impacted by ESD/EOS energy, they will lead to equipment instability or potential malfunctions. In consideration of this, Amazing Microelectronic Corp. has designed communication interfaces related to electric vehicles and launched TVS components for ESD/EOS protection. You can refer to the following summary.
1. Traction Inverter
The traction motor inverter is a DC to AC vehicle power supply system that drives the motor of an electric vehicle. The TVS protection components of the traction motor inverter communication interface are as follows:
● CAN BUS: AZ9424-02S
● Ethernet: AZ9515-02F, AZ9565-01F, AZ9400-02S, AZ9400-01F, AZ5515-02F,
AZ5325-01F
2. OBC (On-Board Charger)
The function of the On-Board Charger is to provide AC to DC vehicle power supply equipment for charging electric vehicles. It usually needs to be collocated with an AC charging station as the output for charging. The TVS protection components of the On-Board Charger communication interface are as follows:
● CAN BUS: AZ9424-02S
3. AC Charging Station
AC charging stations are designed for use in residential or public environments. Compared with DC charging stations, the output power of AC charging stations is usually smaller and the charging speed of electric vehicles is slower. The TVS protection components of the AC charging station communication interface are as follows:
● Ethernet: AZ9515-02F, AZ9565-01F, AZ9400-02S, AZ9400-01F, AZ5515-02F, AZ5325-01F
● I2C: AZ9515-02F, AZ5525-01F, AZ5015-01F
● Wi-Fi: AZ9565-01F, AZ9568-01F, AZ5325-01F, AZ5323-01F
4. DC Charging Station
DC charging stations are designed for use in public environments. Compared with AC charging stations, DC charging stations usually have larger output power and the charging speed for electric vehicles is faster. The TVS protection components of the DC charging station communication interface are as follows:
● CAN BUS: AZ9424-02S
● Ethernet: AZ9515-02F, AZ9565-01F, AZ9400-02S, AZ9400-01F, AZ5515-02F, AZ5325-01F
● I2C: AZ9515-02F, AZ5525-01F, AZ5015-01F
● RS-485: AZ9812-01F, AZ4212-01G, AZ4212-01F
● Wi-Fi: AZ9565-01F, AZ9568-01F, AZ5325-01F, AZ5323-01F
Take CAN BUS as an example. CAN BUS is currently the main communication interface bus in automobiles. The ECU (Electronic Control Unit) node of the car communicates with other ECU nodes on the bus through the two signal lines of CAN BUS, CANH and CANL, to exchange information from each node or to retrieve data from the Sensor in the node. According to the ISO 11898-2 standard, the maximum transmission speed for Classical CAN reaches 1Mbps. For Classical CAN, the TVS AZ9424-02S from Amazing Microelectronic Corp. not only meets the 1Mbps communication speed requirement but also complies with the Optional B level requirements for TVS component performance as outlined in SAE J2962™-2 (The Parameters for TVS component performance in SAE J2962™-2, AZ9424-02S all meet the CMAX, VRM, VBR, Directionality, TLP VCL & ESDMAX specifications required by its Optional B.) The ESD tolerance can exceed the ±30kV (Air/Contact) level of the IEC 61000-4-2 standard. In addition, it also has an extremely low clamping voltage, which can clamp the ESD energy to a low voltage to prevent CAN Transceiver IC from being unstable or damaged due to ESD interference. According to an actual testing, under the ESD impact of IEC 61000-4-2 standard 8kV (corresponding to TLP current 16A), the ESD voltage can be clamped to a low voltage level of about 31V to protect the CAN Transceiver IC. Furthermore, Amazing Microelectronic Corp. AZ9424-02S, one piece of material, is a dual-channel integrated solution that can protect both the CANH and CANL buses (as shown in Fig. 2). Compared with the design of single-channel protective materials for CANH and CANL respectively, the solution, using only one piece of dual-channel integrated solution can not only reduce costs, but also improve the protection effect.
Amazing Microelectronic Corp. TVS can provide excellent ESD/EOS protection performance, and its automotive products can meet the reliability test regulations of AEC-Q101. If you have ESD/EOS protection related requirements, please feel free to contact us.
| Application | P/N | Reverse Stand-Off Voltage | Package | Capacitance (TYP.) | ESD Clamping at 16A (TYP.) | IPP (8/20μs) | AEC-Q101 |
| CAN BUS | AZ9424-02S | 24V | SOT23-3L | 38pF | 31V | 6A | Qualified |
Reference:
[1] https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%BA%9F%E6%AD%A2%E7%87%83%E6%B2%B9%E8%BD%A6
[2] https://tw.news.yahoo.com/news/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E9%96%8B%E7%AC%AC-%E6%A7%8D-2035%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A6%81%E5%94%AE%E7%87%83%E6%B2%B9%E8%BB%8A-102738744.html